This book mainly focuses on the role of biofertilizers in managing soils for improving higher crops and vegetables as a substitute to chemical fertilizers. Highlights the valuable information for the mechanism of action, factors affecting and limitations of biofertilizers in the wider ecosystem. Presents diversity of techniques used across plant science. Design to cater to the needs of researchers, technologists, policy makers and undergraduates and postgraduates’ students studying, in the field of organic agriculture, soil microbiology, soil biology, soil fertility and fertilizers. Addresses plant responses to biofertilizers.

The third volume of Sustainable Soil and Land Management and Climate Change presents a complete overview of plant soil interactions in a climate affected by greenhouse gas emissions and organic carbon. It presents approaches and managements strategies for the stabilization of soil organic matter. The latest in the respected Footprints of Climate Variability on Plant Diversity series, this book enhances the reader's knowledge of the preservation of organic matter through microbial approaches as well as through soil and plant interactions. Written by teams of specialist scientists, it presents research outcomes, practical applications and future challenges for this important field. Features: Presents microbial tactics for the alleviation of potentially toxic elements in agricultural soils and for reclaiming saline soil. Provides an overview of scientific investigations into greenhouse gas emissions. Outlines priming techniques developed in response to a changing climate. This book is written for students of agronomy, soil science and the environmental sciences as well as researchers interested in management technologies to improve soil fertility.

Features: Brings together a multidimensional group of international scholars exploring the ethical dimensions of climate change and ecosystem. New strategies have pointed in this book for the better sustainable development. Design to cater a good overview of major challenges facing policy makers, researchers and ultimately humankind in dealing with climate change. This book summarizes the diverse features of vulnerability, adaptation, and amelioration of climate change in respect to plants, crops, soil, and microbes for the sustainability of the agricultural sector and, ultimately, food security for the future. Provide a state-of-the-art description of the physiological, biochemical, and molecular status of the understanding of abiotic stress in plants.

Features: Provide a state of the art description of the physiological, biochemical and molecular status of the understanding of abiotic stress in plants. Courses taught in universities from basics to advanced level in field of plant physiology, molecular genetics and bioinformatics this book will be used. Focuses on climatic extremes and their management for plant protection and production which is great threat to future generation and food security. Understanding of new techniques pointed out in this book will open the possibility of genetic engineering in crop plants with the concomitant improved stress tolerance. Addressing factors that are threatening future food production and providing potential solutions of these factors. Written by a diverse faction of internationally famed scholars, this book adds new horizons in the field of abiotic stress tolerance.

Features Provide a state-of-the-art description of the physiological, biochemical, and molecular status of the understanding of abiotic stress in plants. Addressing factors that are threatening future food production and providing potential solutions of these factors. Design to cater to the needs of those students engaged in the field of environmental sciences, soil sciences, agricultural microbiology, plant pathology, and agronomy. New strategies have pointed in this book for the better crop productivity and yield. Understanding of new techniques pointed out in this book will open the possibility of genetic engineering in crop plants with the concomitant improved stress tolerance.

Addresses the limits of the anthropogenic global warming theory advocated by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Presents the main characters (drought tolerance, heat tolerance, water use efficiency, disease resistance, nitrogen use efficiency, nitrogen fixation, and carbon sequestration) necessary for climate resilient agriculture. Delivers both theoretical and practical aspects, and serves as base line information for future research. Provides valuable resource for those students engaged in the field of environmental sciences, soil sciences, agricultural microbiology, plant pathology, and agronomy. Highlights factors that are threatening future food production.

Climatic conditions are key determinants of plant growth, whether at the scale of temperature regulation of the cell cycle or at the scale of the geographic limits for a particular species. The climate is changing due to human activities - particularly the emission of greenhouse gases - therefore the conditions for the establishment, growth, reproduction, survival, and distribution of plant species are changing. In contrast to animals, plants are able to cease and resume growth. This flexibility in their architecture and growth pattern is partly achieved by the action of plant hormones. Still, the role of plant growth regulators (PGRs) in agriculture is modest compared to other agrochemicals, such as fungicides, herbicides, and insecticides. Plant Growth Regulators for Climate-Smart Agriculture is an invaluable guide to the varied roles filled by PGRs in the attainment of higher-quality, better-yielding crops. Salient Features (minimum 5): Explores plant growth regulators and anthropogenic climate change. Provides new insights related to hormonal cross-talk in plant development and stress responses. Sheds new light on the role of PGRs in agriculture in the attainment of higher-quality, better-yielding crops. Delivers valuable information on physiological and molecular mechanisms linked to the role of plant growth regulators in stress tolerance. Provides valuable knowledge for students of agronomy, plant physiology, molecular biology, and environmental sciences.

Climate Change and Plants: Biodiversity, Growth and Interactions Evidence is raised daily of the varying climate and its impression on both plants and animals. Climatic changes influence all agriculture factors, which can potentially adversely affect their productivity. Plant activities are intimately associated with climate and concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide. Climate Change and Plants: Biodiversity, Growth and Interactions examines how plant growth characters influence and is influenced by climate change both in past and present scenarios. This book covers cutting-edge research of key determinants of plant growth in response to atmospheric CO2 enhancement and global warming. Features Discourses numerous areas of sustainable development goals projected by the UN as part of the 2030 agenda Highlights appropriate approaches for maintaining better plant growth under changing climatic conditions Presents diversity of techniques used across plant science Is designed to cater to the needs of researchers, technologists, policymakers and undergraduate and postgraduate students studying sustainable crop production and protection Addresses plant responses to atmospheric CO2 increases

Plant Stress Mitigators: Types, Techniques and Functions presents a detailed contextual discussion of various stressors on plant health and yield, with accompanying insights into options for limiting impacts using chemical elicitors, bio-stimulants, breeding techniques and agronomical techniques such as seed priming, cold plasma treatment, and nanotechnology, amongst others. The book explores the various action mechanisms for enhancing plant growth and stress tolerance capacity, including nutrient solubilizing and mobilizing, biocontrol activity against plant pathogens, phytohormone production, soil conditioners, and many more unrevealed mechanisms. This book combines research, methods, opinion, perspectives and reviews, dissecting the stress alleviation action of different plant stress mitigators on crops grown under optimal and sub-optimal growing conditions (abiotic and biotic stresses).

Nano-Enabled Agrochemicals in Agriculture presents a targeted overview of the safe implementation of nanotechnologies within agricultural and horticultural settings, with the purpose of achieving enhanced production while maintaining ecological integrity. The growing global request for agricultural crops and products requires high standards of quality and safety, which has stimulated the search for new technologies that preserve their quality and delay their decomposition. Nanotechnology may boost plant production by improving nutrient uptake/use efficiency with nanoformulations of fertilizers and agrochemicals for plant enhancement, detection and treatment of diseases, and host-parasite interactions at the molecular level using nanosensors. It also may improve plant disease diagnostics, removal of contaminants from soil and water, postharvest management of vegetables and flowers, and reclamation of salt-affected soils. Although the markets for nanoproducts and nanoformulations continue to increase, there are also growing concerns regarding the fate and behavior of nanomaterials in environmental systems. Exploring important topics related to nanotechnology and nanomaterials, the book includes the use of nanochemicals in insect pest management, as nanofungicides, nanoherbicides, micronutrient supply, and nanosensors to monitor crop and soil health conditions, from detection of agrochemicals to their slow release of agrochemicals, and their impact on related environs. This book will serve as an excellent resource for a wide range of plant scientists who have concerns about nanomaterial interactions with terrestrial and aquatic plants.

Just plug on your television, or step out in a public place and observe what you mostly have. You would have numerous images of women, for selling the things. You would also have these images at the back sides of vehicles, at sign boards, at television in advertisements, in magazines, in news papers and everywhere. Now try to scrutinize what these images are actually saying to you, what kind of activities these ladies are doing in these images. The answer would be as These images would be alluring to you, seducing to you, grabbing your attention, gratifying to you, trying to become a thing of screen esthetic, appealing and stimulating to your sexual desires and giving you an image of women you don't have in reality. From media you have got an image of women who is sexually charged and is an icon of sexuality. This negative portrayal of women in media has lethal impacts on the society. Its poisonous perspectives have bombardments onto the minds of individuals and in this way it is also creating some social evils. We have havoc results on our society from this woman's misrepresentation on media, which is resulting in moral and social crimes.

Job instability has emerged as an issue which is creating job stress in employees and their job involvement and job performance is being affected. This book is concerned about understanding the causal relationship of job instability and job performance. The study aims to identify the key moderators of job performance which can highlight the Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) of employees in the organizational setup.

Pakistan with a population of approximately 160.9 million in the mid 2011 is the 6th most populous country in the world. The population size of Pakistan has increased ten times since 1990. On the other hand, the food prices have also been increased continuously, so it is difficult for policy makers to ignore the impact of different variables on Pakistan's food poverty dynamics. Keeping in view the paramount importance the present study was therefore designed to explore the factors which affect the small farmers related to food poverty and to explore the extent of food poverty. It is hoped that information generated by this study could be helpful in identifying the extent of food poverty, drawing appropriate conclusions and advancing valuable suggestions to overcome the problem. Further, this book should serve as a useful text for the students of agricultural economics and also as a rich resource for the researchers. This edition is expected to make an interesting reading for the planners, policy makers, administrators and leaders in the political and agricultural fields and who wish to be familiar with the economic problems.

Performance appraisal has become such a comprehensive assessment tool that, on the one hand, helps organizations evaluate employees' performance and focuses on the achievement of favorable attitudinal outcomes, on the other. Since, the attitudinal side of performance appraisal has been referred as "neglected criterion" therefore; this book focused more on the attitudinal outcomes of the employees. Thus, in this book author attempted to find out the relationship between performance appraisal congruence and employees' attitudinal outcomes under the tenants of Person-Environment Fit model. The study also tested the P-E Fit model with the extended dimension of normative commitment, which was being missed out in the previous literature.

The birth of any child has a major effect on the dynamics of the family. Some social welfare agencies opened schools for deaf, dumb and blind that was capable of receiving education in a school system. Such schools still exist in large cities, one in Karachi while other two are located in Lahore-Pakistan. The need of students of special school is the most central aspect of special education. It not only help teachers to plan, devise and implement modified curriculum but also guide them to create congenial classroom environment, set individual educational plans, arrange suitable educational resources, adopt effective teaching strategies, and select appropriate evaluation methods to improve the learning out comes of special children. A gradual realization has emerged that the education of a disable child is as important as the education of an able bodied main stream child. The special school system evolved in Pakistan as early as first decade of twentieth century; however the schools are not in sufficient numbers to cater all the special children. The role of non-government organizations (NGOs) is very significant in the development of special education in Pakistan.

The book presents the estimation of variability parameters, path coefficient analysis and interrelationship for grain yield and its parameters in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). The present study was initiated with the prime objective of finding the mutual relationships of different quantitative traits at maturity levels and also the type and extent of their contribution to grain yield in 17 chickpea elite lines and 3 check varieties. Interrelationships, estimates of genetic variability and path coefficient analysis of various quantitative parameters like days taken to flowering, days taken to maturity, plant height, total weight of plant, 100-grains weight, pods per plant, grains per pod, primary branches per plant, secondary branches per plant and grain yield per plant were ascertained. The path analysis was applied to estimate the direct and indirect contribution of individual parameters to the overall grain yield. The study clearly envisages augmenting the relatively scarce information available on quantitative traits which may be profitably exploited in future programs of chickpea improvement.

Rice (oryza sativa L) is a principal source of food for more than half of the world population, especially in South and Southeast Asia and Latin America. Elsewhere, it represents a high value commodity crop. Composting offers the most sensible and economic way to avoid wasting useful natural resources, which create environmental problems, and at the same time it produces a high quality and inexpensive soil amendment. Recycling of organic wastes involves the return of the essential elements to soils that are taken up by plants and find their way into animal, domestic and industrial products. This recycled organic waste may be good supplement of chemical fertilizer. The compost is widely used as soil amendment to improve soil structure. In Pakistan composting could be very useful because, the waste disposal problem is becoming serious day by day.